Telegraph system.



G. E. HINES. TBLEGBAPH SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 30, 1908.

'Patented Apr. 13, 1909.

UNITED sTATns PATENT ori-Fien..

GEORGE E. HINES, OF NEW YO RK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF 'lO ll'llrlrlnlll T. DALY, OF

BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

No. 918,322. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented,.April 13, 1909. Application filed July 30, 1908. Serial No. 446,043.

To all whom fit. 'may concern.' the pivot of a pivoted armature 6 controlled Be it known that I, Geenen E. HINns, a by a magnet 7. The armature 6, when the citizen of the United States, residing in the magnet 7 is dcnergied, makes electrical city, county, and State of New York, have engagement with a spring contact 8, which is invented certain new and useful Improveconnected to the ground at 5 through an im- 60 ments in Telegraph Systems, of which the pedance coil 9.

followingl is a ull, clear, and exact descrip- The primar f winding 3 of the transformer tion. is in series with a battery l0, this battery My invention relates to improvements in being in a suitable source ol' continuons cur- 10 telegraphsystems and has for its object to rent such as a dynamo or a serios of voltaic 65 f produce a new and improved system which cells. It is in series with a transmitting,r key shall be simple in4 its Aoperation and less exhaving terminals 1,1---12 preferably shuntcd ensive to maintain and operate. by a condenser 13 and connected in series v It further has for its object to produce a with a magnet 14, the circuit being com- 15 system which can be used as a duplex telcplcted in any suitable way, such, l'por in- 70 graph system, and further to provide a sysstance, as by grounding its terminals at 15 tern which can be used as a quadruple); sysand 16. A sounder S may be placed in this tem. circuit to enable the operator to hear the A further object of my invention is to do signals transmitted. lonnected with` the awayipwith the necessity' `in a quadruplex line is a battery having two sections 17-,-1 8. v75 system of having a battery continuously in These parts are .connected to the line at an circuit, whether a message beine; sont or intermediate point, so thatthey are in reot. versed position, that is, one has its positive It further has for its object to produce vapole connected to the line, while the other rions improvements whicharc hereinafter has its negative pole connected to the line. 8O

described in the claims. These parts when connected in circuit im- The following,r is a description of my inpress upon the line impulses which prefervention, reference being' had to thc accomably are ol' greater strength than those impanyingr drawings, in which--- Y pressed by the transformer 2. 'lhc electroi Figure l represents diagr-animationlly the motive l'orce ol' the source 1S is in the same 85 system embodying' my invention. llig's. .2 direction as the clectromotive force of the and 3 show details. coil I3 when the key 1l--l2 is closed, and the Referring more particularly lo licilrawelcctromotive force ol source 17 is in the ings, 1 is the linc conductor conncciingr lwo same direction as the clectromotiye force ol' stations A--A. The two stations :irc coil 3 when the key Alvl--lil is opened. 'lhc 90 equipped in the same manncr and on thi part. 17 has its other pole connected to the count it is necessary lo Ispecifically ill.:.-lral.c l pivot oll a pivotcd armature 1), which norand describe but one of themA l mally engages a spring,l (unitact 2U and holds First describing the tran-.mitiin;- mrohanit out olA contact willi the terminal 21 con- -10 is1n,'2 is a translbrmcr having` thc usual princctcd lo the second pole oi' the battery sec- 95 mary 3 and secondary -llanda laminated l lion 1N. 'lliespring contact lll is connected closed magnetic circuit.. The primary am! l by a branch comluclor lt'1 to a contact 22 Secondary windings may have any numbrr l1 l'roin which the spring contact is normally -of turns, but preferably the sccomlary windheld out oll engagement by the armature (i ing)r 4 has thi` greater number ol' turns. :c as when the magnet 7 dencrgized. rlhe' 100 l l l l to make the transformer a step-up Lran-- magnet 7. is in series with a battery 23, former. The secondary ol' thc transzl'ornn-r sounder S and traiismittinfg,l key having conhas one terminal electrically connor-.tml by a lacts 2li-25, iln'el'crably shuntcd by a conbranch conduct-or B to tln` line l, whiliA ifs denser 2o. 'llu` circuit containing these eleoO other terminal under sonic comliliolns: ol' opmcntzs is' completed in anysuitablc vway, as 105 eration is grounded through clccricnl conl'or instance, by grounding at 27 and l nections leadingr to thc ground 5, and under 'lhc apparatus as thus described constiother circumstances to 'iL-c hercinallcr dctutes an apparatus which will transmit iinscribed, is'open-circuited. ln thc arrangepulses suitable l'or rniadruplex telegraphw ment shown, it is electrically connected to and it is to be noted that when signals are 11o are' open-circuited.

-and impressed upon the line.

Q si

not being trensmi" there are no closed battery circuits, that is, all-the batteries .The transmission key 11-12 is used-'for the first side ci' the quadrupleX and thekey 2er-25 is used for the .sec-- 0nd side. In trans* yting signals for the first side, the key 'lidz is operated in the weliknown manner as in systems where apoio changer used. Upon closing the key an induced current is up in. th'e'secondary e This current is a natural or uncoiiimutated alternating current ,land with the transformer properly Y constructed se as to have a closed magnetic circuit;l roperly laminated, and windings of high in uctance, rises gradually and falls gradually so, as te have a distinctively wave form similar to 'a sine Ware forni. form of wave, while not absolutely necessary for the operativeness of my system, is particularly advantageous, inasmuch as it is less liable to 4produce disturbances in the system and in neighboring conductors. Upon'opening Athe transniittin0^ key 11-12 a second impulse i's set up in the secondary 4 and iinpressed upon the line, this impulse being in the same direction and the saine result is produced, as iar'as direction of impulse is concerned, as though a pole changer had been used. The battery 10 is in circuit only when the key 11--12v is closed and sc is therefore'always out ol circuit When no signal is being transmitted. The sounder S permits the operator tohear the signal, which he is transmitting. A This key 11-12' Vwith the parts connected thereto' may be used in` either single, duplex or quadruplex transmission.

l/Vhen quadruplex transmission is desired, the key 24--25 is also actuated. The magnet 1e is in series with thekey 11-12 so that When the circuit through the battery 10 is completed by that key, the armature 19 vof the magnet 14 is attracted, disconnecting the battery section 17 fromthe spring contact 20, permitting the spring contact 20 to engage the terminal' 21 connected to the battery section 18. This disconnects the section 17 from the'tcrminal 22 and connects the section 1S to that terminal, thus commutating the continuous current impulse so as to make itsynchronous in its changes With hat 'the induced impulses would have been it'` key 24--25 had not been actuated. lf the terminal 22 were connected to the ground, the sections 1'7-18 under these conditions would send impulses tothe line i, the impulse sent by the section 18 when in circuit being inthe same direction and simultaneous with the impulse sent closed, and the impulse sont by the section -17 corresponding in 'time and direction to e secondary 4 when This being the the impulse sont .iv the key 11-'12 was ci:

The sine case, corresponding signals may be sentcither through the transformer or through the sections 17 and 18, or through oiieoi what happens" when the key 24-25 of the second side is operated. lNlien the circuit Since one of the sections 17 or 18 is always connected to the terminal 22, it results that .Whenever the transmitting key 24-25 is closed, a circuit is completed to the lline 1 through either the section 17 or 18. This means that Whenever the key 24e-250i' the spending to the movement of said key are sent out over the line.

pulses. They may be sent by currents of either direction or the current corresponding to them may part; offthetimefbe in one direction and partici the time in the other direction, this being determined by what is being done at the transmission key 11-12 The sections' 17--18 and the transformer 2 therefore su plement one another and take the place` o each other when either is cut out of circuit. That is, when the circuit is closed at 24-25, the transformer is cut out of circuit by the action oi' the armature 6 and the sections 1?-18 send the impulses which the transformer would otherwise send, and in addition send an impulse correspond.- ing to the closure oi the key 2li-25. When areA both out of circuit and signals which would otherwise be sent by them upon the operation of the key 11-12 are sont through the transformer 2. Signals can thus be sent by the key 11-12 alone, or by the key 24-25 alone, or the signals sent by thekey 2d-25 can be modifier by the key 11---12. The impulses from the battery sections 17-'18 may replace those from the transformer 2, but the replacing impulses will be synchronous in their alternations with those which the transformer would have sent if the key 24--25 had not been actuated. With suitable relays in the line, two separate messages can simultaneously be sent in the saine directionv and received as desired. be sent in the other direction and received, vthus making the system a quadruplex system.

Two relays for' receiving messages transmitted from the far station A/ are shown at 29 and 30. 29de the relay for receiving messages from the iirst side of the station A', and

such means il' 'fthe other is cut out. l rlliis is through the battery 23 is closed by the key This key,I however,

Shas no control over the direction oisaid irrithe key 24--25 is open, the sections 17-1SP At the same time twomessages can the terminal 22 connecting it to the ground.

second side is actuated, impulses corre-v ypressedupon it.

.a wheel carried by a spring.`

is the relay for receiving messages from the second side. These relays have magnetic cores surrounded by windings a', b and a b and permanent magnets C C', which polarize the movablearmatures 36 and 42 of the relays. The windings b b are in series with the main line conductor, and windings a a are in series with a false line connected at the point31 in multiple to the main line, the windings a and b and a and b' being opposed to one another so that currents transmitted from the home station A through both -`of' these windings produce magnetizing forces in the res ective home relays m opposition to one anot er, thus roducing no effect upon the home relays. he false line is of ordinary construction, being grounded at 32 and having an adjustable resistance 33 for making the resistance equal to the main line resistance,

f this adjustable resistance being shunted by aeondenser 34 and resistance 35, as in false lines ordinarily used. The relay 29 has a polarized armature 36, which has its movementv in: one' direction limited by a stop 37, and its movement in the other direction limited .by a contact 33, controlling a local relay circuit 39.. The movable armature 36, whose upper portion 36n is of non-magnetic material, 1s controlled by a jockey 40 carried b a spring 41 (see Fig. 3) and acting to hold tlle armature 36 into whatever position it may be thrown, that is, to hold it either against the stop 37 or in engagement with the'contact 38. This is necessary in my system because the main conductor 1 is grounded at both ends and therefore does not have a current of definite. polarity constantly iin- The absence of such a constantly impressed current makes this system -f subject to the action of stray currents, which are inevitable in its operation, and may also be induced therein by currents in neighboring conductors. Such stray currents are often times su l'liciently strongr to move the armature 36, if unrestrained by the jockey 40,

4 so as to result in confusion of the signals. They relay 3'() has a movable pol armed armature 42 whose up ier portion 42n is of nonmagnetic material. This armature is normally held in central position by jockeys 43. These jockeys in this relay tend to return the armature to the central position and are peculiar in their restraining action, in that they exercise the. greatest strength at the start of any-movement of the armature 42, the restraining influence` becoming less and less as the rmature 42 moves in either direction from the center. The jockeys each consist of The jockeys 43 are so 'related to thcilever ofarmature 42 that the point of engagement therewith correspends to vthe, terminus of a'- radius^`which 'i never either in line with the jockey spring, or at right angles thereto, the result being that lateral pressure of the leye'r always tends to move one of the jockeys, and a downward pressure of the jockey on the lever always tends to move the 'armature about. its pivot. 'lhe movement of the armature 42 in either direction is limited by' the conltacts 44 through which the local circuit 45, containing the relay 46 is completed. This relay controls anvarmature '47 which, in turn, controls the circuit 43. 'The jockeys are preferably constructed as in Fig'. 3 consisting of a wheel mounted at the end of a springl 41, which is pivoted to a support at 50 and is adjustcd by two screws 51 which engage the spring as they pass` through it and bear against the base 52. In the operation of these relays 29 and 30, impulses which alter nate in direction move the armature 36 of the relay 29 to and fro so as to make and break engagement with the contact 38. The currents of these impulses, when supplied by the transformer, are of less strength than when supplied by the battery and therefore operate the relay 29 without operating the relay 30.

When the transmission key 24-25 on the second side of station A is actuated, the battery 17---18 of that station is connected in circuit and the currents sent over the line arey stronger than the impulse: by the transforming device. Such currents are suiliciei'itly strong to actuate the relay 3() of the station A. 1 When the key 24-25 of the distant station alone actuated, the relay 30 of station A is the only one which responds, since the impulses are all in 'one direction, which direction is such as to hold the armature 36 against its stop 37', but inasmuch as the armature 42 is free to move in either direction, it forces thatarmature in engagement with one of the stops, 44. ln case the key 11--12 of stationA is actuated at a time when the key 24---25 is closed, the current passing over the linewill be reversed in direction,andthiw reverse current will actualc both the armatures and 42. 'lhe armature 42 Willthus be moved over so as to make engagement with the other contacts 44. A .single mo'-.c ment of the armature 42 is, however, all that is necessary to reestablish the circuit l-l-5, and this nioycmcnt is so quick as to not cause the relay 4'6 to release its armature. 47 and, therefore, does not produce any disturbance in the local receiving system, such as heretofore exist-ed where the relays on the second side have been unpolarizcd relays. ln .such unpolarized relays the restablishment of'the local circuit has only been brought aboutafter a complete reciprocation of two movements of the relay armature. These two movements necessarily required a greater la'pse of time and also set up in the main line 'disturbing electromotive forces.

:Byreason of the fact that the relay 29 is res )onsive to impulses reversed in direction, an the relay 30 1s only responsive to current values, my rein can be. operated even when the potential impressed by the battery is no higher than the electroniotiye torces 1inpressed by the secondary ot' the transformer,

since the time constant of the circuit will prevent the transformerimpulses from producing as high currents those which it ill be produced bythe battery which, when it is in circuit, impresses upon the main line :i maximum potential during the entire period. The combination ol the two kinds of current,

that is, the induced current and the current from constant potentiel sources, therefore, enables me to secure new results superior to those heretofore secured by the usual constant potential sources only. Villiers such lconstant potential sources only are used and the second side is actuated by an increased potential, the mexiinum potential necessary was much greater than the inafiiiiiuin potein tial necessary in iny system, and the increase in the power and capacity oi the buttery employed is correspondingly greater.

l believe that l ain the 'i'ii'st to do various things described, among;l which are the Jiolloifing, viii: to combine the use oi induced currents of delinite polarity with battery currents in the manner described; to employ a polarized relay for both sides oi the circuit',y

end also to use polarized relays in connection with devices loi sending induced currents over the line when the first side :tiene is operated, and battery currents over the lino when the second side alone operated, and to substitute battery currents lor induced currents, or parts thereof, when botli sides are' actuated.

My invention results in greater definiteness in the transmission and receiving` signals 'under all conditions and particularly in wet weather when transmission is dil'licult, since the receiving apparatus on the lirst side is lay circuit controlled by the second side rea lay in such a manner es to interfere with its desired action.

W'het l claim is:

l. ln a telegraph system, the combination of a main line, two sources of current, one for sending induced impulses and the other for sending continuous current impulses, a key for controlling said induced impulses and cominutating said continuous current iinpulses and a second key for interrupting said induced and continuous` current impulses one kind at a time. v

2. ln a telegraph system, the combination of a main line, two sources ci current, one for sending induced impulses end the other for sending continuous current impulses, s key for controlling seid induced iinpulsesiend conuiiutating said continuous current inipulses and a second key for interrupting seid induced and continuous current impulses one kind at a time, ind tWo relays, one re-- sponsive to induced and coniniutated cur rents only and the other responsive to coininutated und uncon'iinutated continuous currents only.

3. ln a telegraph system, the combination of a mainline, twosources of current, one for sendingl indu-ced impulses end the other for sending continuous current impulses, a key for controlling said induced impulses and coininutating said continuous current pulses and e second key for interrupting seid induced and. continuous current impulses one kind at a time, and two polarized relays, one responsive to induced and cominutated currents only and the other responsive to commutated and uncominutated continuous currents only, the former relay engaging e, single contact, the latter engaging forward and backward contacts.

e. ln a telegraph system, the combinationl of a main line, two sending keys, means for impressing induced currentiinpulses'controlled by' one of said keys, means for iinpressing continuous current impulses controlled by the otlierkey, -meens for comniutating said continuous current impulses end substituting said coinin'utated contin-l uous current impulses for the induced impulses when both keys are actuated.

GEGRGE E. HNES. Witnesses:

P. J. (lotti-Ns, li. lV. Si'rzifiNs'in'r'rnit. 

